Renal Cell carcinoma – Kidney Cancer
This is a cancer of kidney, where malignant cell develops in kidney tubules. The
disease is widely known as Kidney cancer. The malignant cell of Kidney tubules are having high
chances of metastasis i.e. it spreads very fast. In shorter time span disease involves many other
organs of the body. It is type of Adenocarcinoma.
The World Health Organization in 2004 categorized Kidney cancer (renal Cell carcinoma) in nearly 40 variants. The most common are
1. Clear cell Renal cell carcinoma
2. Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC)
3. Multilocular cystic clear cell
4. Tubulocystic carcinoma
5. Thyroid-like follicular carcinoma
6. Acquired cystic kidney disease-associated renal cell carcinoma
7. Renal cell carcinoma with translocation (TFEB)
8. Hybrid oncocytoma/chromophobe renal cell carcinoma
9. Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma(HLRCC)
Age Group:
The disease most commonly found in age group of 50 to 60 years but anyone can be effected by this disease.
Survival rate:
According to literature, if disease is undiagnosed, the survival rate is 1 years. However, if disease is treated, the 5 years survival rate is very high. The 5 years survival rate is 70-80 percent of RCC patients if treated well. However, survival rate for this disease is less.
Risk Factors
The most common risk factor for includes:
1. Family History of RCC
2. Obesity
3. Polycystic Kidney Disease
4. Abuse of Over the counter painkillers
5. Hypertension
Sign and Symptoms
In the early stage of disease, the patient of RCC is symptom free and diagnosed accidently. The
common symptom of advanced stage is as follows:
1. Lump in Abdomen
2. Blood in Urine
3. Persistent pain abdomen
4. Fatigue and Loss of Appetite
Diagnosis
1. X-Ray Chest and Abdomen
2. Ultrasonography KUB
3. Ultrasonography Abdomen
4. Biopsy of Malignancy
5. Cancer Marker test
6. PET CT Whole body
7. Bone scan
Treatment
The standard treatment of Renal carcinoma is as follows
1. Surgical removal of diseased tissues
a. Complete or partial nephrectomy
b. Removal of surrounding tissue such as Lymph node and adrenal gland
In case both kidney is removed then transplant of kidney is required.
2. Immunotherapy The most common drugs used for immunotherapy are Sunitinib and
Sorafinib. These drugs work on immune system and do the targeted killing of Cancer cells.
3. Chemotherapy: it is another option to treat the patient. The drug can be given through oral or intravenous route.
4. Radiation Therapy – The high energy X-rays are used to kill the cancer cell.
5. Targeted therapy – It is newer therapy used to kill and stop the growth of cancerous cell by
using specific drugs.
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